How to Download file in Selenium webdriver

How to download file in Selenium 

Many times you need to download a file like MS Excel file, MS Word File, Zip file, PDF file, CSV file, Text file, etc.So we need to follow some steps. Manually when we click on link to download file, It will show us dialogue to save file.

Generally this dialog box is in Firefox Browser.Manually just we have to click on save file and then file will be download on particular location.
But How Selenium Webdriver works
Selenium Webdriver do not have any feature to handle this save file dialogue.But Selenium can handle this dialog box and we can download  any file Webdriver's has Inbuilt class FirefoxProfile and some methods.By using some methods of FirefoxProfile we can download file.

Firefox profile methods

Before downloading a file in Firefox browser we should know MIME type of that file.Generally we use Mime type here 
//profile.setPreference("browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk","SpecifyMIME TYPE HERE");
If file is of pdf file then write MIME Type is application/pdf
If you have any file first find out MIME type of your file from here.Even you can google for your MIME TYPE if you don't find here.
"text/plain;" //MIME types Of text File.

    "text/csv"); //MIME types Of CSV File.
Here is the code for Download File 
package demodownloadfile;
import java.io.File;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxProfile;

public class Downloading_File {
public static void main(String[] args) {
       //Create firefox profile
   FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); 
   profile.setPreference("browser.download.folderList", 2);    
 //profile.setPreference("browser.download.dir","Specify your directory path here"); 
   profile.setPreference("browser.download.dir","E:\\downloadfile");    
     //Set path where you want to download file 
    profile.setPreference("browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk", "application/msword,application/x-rar-compressed,application/octet-stream,application/csv,text/csv");
//Here i have explained some MIME type 
   WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile);
   driver.get("http://www.winzip.com/landing/open-rar-file.html");
 //Go to url
   driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='downloadlink']/img")).click(); 
  //click on file link and download file  

}}
//Now your File has been Downloaded

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Page Factory(Pom)

Page Factory in Selenium 

In order to provide additional support for the Page Object pattern, the package ‘org.openqa.selenium’ has a PageFactory Class. One can import the PageFactory class in Java using the following statement
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

By importing this package we can use multiple pages just we have to make an object of that class.

Let me take an example

Here If my page name is Login then i will call as 

Login l = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Login.class);

Generally we make the object of that class and use but in page factory we use init method.

You can also  this Page Factory as Reference.
In page factory we define Webelements like this.

Annotations in PageFactory are like this:

We use annotation@FindBy 

If we use locator as xpath then we will write 

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//*[@value='First name']")
WebElement firstname;
how = How.XPATH, [We can define locators  as How.ID,How.name,How.css etc]
In using we have to define which locator we are using id,xpath name,css etc.
using = //*[@value='First name']
If we use locator By name Then we will write 
@FindBy(how = How.NAME, using = "firstname")

WebElement firstname;

We don't used driver.findelements();
We simply call these as:
 firstname.sendKeys("Ritika");

How to implement Page factory

•  Create a ‘New Package file and name it as ‘pageobject’ by right click on the Project and select New > Package.
  

•  Create a ‘New Class’ file and refer the name to the actual page from the test object, by right click on the above created Package and select New > Class. In our case it as FacebookRegistration

//Here is code of page factory 

package pageobject;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

public class FacebookRegistration {

WebDriver driver;

public FacebookRegistration(WebDriver ldriver){

this.driver= ldriver;

}

 

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//*[@value='First name']")

WebElement firstname;

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//*[@value='Last name']")

WebElement lastname;

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//*[@value='Email or mobile number']")

WebElement email;

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//*[@value='Re-enter email or mobile number']")

WebElement reemail;

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//*[@value='New password']")

WebElement NewPassword;

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//*[@id='month']")

WebElement month;

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//*[@id='day']")

WebElement day;

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//*[@id='year']")

WebElement year;

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//*[@id='u_0_d']")

WebElement female;

@FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//button[@name='websubmit']")

WebElement signup;

 

// Type firstname

public void typefirstname(String fname) {

firstname.sendKeys(fname);

}

// Type lastname

public void typelastname(String lstname) {

lastname.sendKeys(lstname);

}

// Type email

public void typeemail(String emailid) {

email.sendKeys(emailid);

}//Typereemail

public void typeremail(String remailid) {

reemail.sendKeys(remailid);

}

//typenewpassword

public void typenewPassword(String newpassrd) {

NewPassword.sendKeys(newpassrd);

}

//selectmonth

public void selectmonth(String mont){

month.sendKeys(mont);

}

//Select date 

public void selectdate(String date){

day.sendKeys(date);

}

//selecting year

public void selectyear(String yea){

year.sendKeys(yea);

}

//clicking on femaleradiobutton  

public void ClickingGender(){

female.click();

}

//clicking sign up button  

public void clicksignup(){

signup.click();

}

 

}

/In this We have created a Registration page of Facebook Now we need to call this page in our Testcase.Generally we create pages in page object factory and after that we call that pages in Testcase.

•  Create a ‘New Package file and name it as ‘pageobjectframework’ by right click on the Project and select New > Package.
  

•  Create a ‘New Class‘ and name it as TestCase by right click on the ‘pageobjectFramework‘ Package and select New > Class.

package pageobjectframework;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import pageobject.FacebookRegistration;

public class TestCase {

WebDriver driver;

@BeforeTest 

    public void openBrowser(){

        driver = new FirefoxDriver();

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        driver.manage().window().maximize();

        driver.get("http://www.facebook.com");

    }

//This test will fill the sign up page of facebook login

@Test

public void registerDetails(){

//By this init method we can call our pages in Page factory.

FacebookRegistration fo = PageFactory.initElements(driver, FacebookRegistration.class);

fo.typefirstname("Ritika");

fo.typelastname("Gulati");

fo.typenewPassword("seleniumgyan");

fo.typeemail("submityouremailid@gmail.com");

fo.typeremail("submityouremailid@gmail.com");

fo.selectmonth("Jul");

fo.selectdate("22");

fo.selectyear("1991");

fo.ClickingGender();

fo.clicksignup();

}}

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What is POM(pageobjectmodel)

Page object model

• Page Object is a Design Pattern   which has become popular in test automation for enhancing test maintenance and reducing code duplication.
•  Page object is an object-oriented class that serves as an interface to a page of your Application under test. The tests then use the methods/WebElements of this page object class whenever they need to interact with that page of the UI. The benefit is that if any UI element  changes of that the page we don't need to change in our Test just we need to change only the code within the page object.
• Page Objects Model is best suited for applications which have multiple pages like similar registration form/or menu bar or states. Each of which have fields which can be uniquely referenced with respect to the page.

Pom Advantages:

1. Object Repository: We  can create an Object Repository of the fields segmented page-wise. This as a result provides a Page Repository of the application as well. 
2. Functional Encapsulation: All possible functionality or operations that can be performed on a page can be defined and contained within the same class created for each page.
3. Low Redundancy:Helps reduce duplication of code. If the architecture is correctly and sufficiently defined, the POM gets more done in less code.
4. Efficient & Scalable: Faster than other keyword-driven/data-driven approaches where Excel sheets are to be read/written.

How to implement Page object Model

•  Create a ‘New Package file and name it as ‘pageobjectpages’ by right click on the Project and select New > Package.

• 2. Create a ‘New Class’ file and refer the name to the actual page from the test object, by right click on the above created Package and select New > Class. In our case it as FacebookRegistrationpage

• Now write code for Registration page.
•  Make Webdriver driver as null
• You need to define all elements according to ui whether it is radiobutton/textboxes.Just you need to define the all webelemets on which you want to perform action.
•  Create a Constuctor of Your class and Pass WebDriver as Parameter 
• You need to write methods/Function for all WebElements whether you want to click/write/Select from dropdown.

package pageobjectpages;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

public class FacebookRegistrationpage {

//Instancing webdriver

public  WebDriver driver;

//Defining webelements 

By firstname = By.xpath("//*[@value='First name']");

By lastname =  By.xpath("//*[@value='Last name']");

By email = By.xpath("//*[@value='Email or mobile number']");

    By reemail =  By.xpath("//*[@value='Re-enter email or mobile number']");

    By newPassword = By.xpath("//*[@value='New password']");

    By month = By.xpath("//*[@id='month']");

    By day = By.xpath("//*[@id='day']");

    By year = By.xpath("//*[@id='year']");

    By femaleradiobutton = By.xpath("//*[@id='u_0_d']");

    By signup = By.xpath("//button[@name='websubmit']");

 // Instantiate class

  public FacebookRegistrationpage(WebDriver driver) {

  this.driver = driver;

  }

    

 // Type firstname

  public void typefirstname(String uname) {

  //Create a method which will enter firstname

  driver.findElement(firstname).sendKeys(uname);

  }

 // Type lastname

  public void typelastname(String lstname) {

  //Create a method which will enter lastname

  driver.findElement(lastname).sendKeys(lstname);

  }

  // Type email

  public void typeemail(String emailid) {

  //Create a method which will enter emailid

  driver.findElement(email).sendKeys(emailid);

  }//Typereemail

  public void typeremail(String remailid) {

  //Create a method which should type email

  driver.findElement(reemail).sendKeys(remailid);

  }

  //typenewpassword

  public void typenewPassword(String newpassrd) {

  //Create method will enter password

  driver.findElement(newPassword).sendKeys(newpassrd);

  }

  //selectmonth

  public void selectmonth(String mont){

  Select mon = new Select(driver.findElement(month));

  mon.selectByVisibleText(mont);

  }

  //Select date 

  public void selectdate(String date){

Select datebirth = new Select(driver.findElement(day));

datebirth .selectByVisibleText(date);

}

  //selecting year

  public void selectyear(String yea){

Select yearsel = new Select(driver.findElement(year));

yearsel .selectByVisibleText(yea);

}

  //clicking on femaleradiobutton  

  public void ClickingGender(){

  driver.findElement(femaleradiobutton).click();

  }

 

//clicking sign up button  

  public void clicksignup(){

  driver.findElement(signup).click();

  }

}

//In this We have created a Registration page of Facebook Now we need to call this page in our Testcase.Generally we create pages in page object model and after that we call that pages in Testcase.

•  Create a ‘New Package file and name it as ‘pageobjectframework’ by right click on the Project and select New > Package.
  
•  Create a ‘New Class‘ and name it as TestCase by right click on the ‘pageobjectFramework‘ Package and select New > Class.

package pageobjectframework;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import pageobjectpages.FacebookRegistrationpage;

public class TestCase {

WebDriver driver;

FacebookRegistrationpage page;

@BeforeTest 

    public void openBrowser(){

        driver = new FirefoxDriver();

        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        driver.manage().window().maximize();

        driver.get("http://www.facebook.com");

    }

//This test will fill the sign up page of facebook login

@Test

public void registerDetails(){

page = new FacebookRegistrationpage(driver);

page.typefirstname("ritika");

page.typelastname("Gulati");

page.typeemail("submityourmailid@gmail.com");

page.typeremail("submityourmailid@gmail.com");

page.typenewPassword("seleniumgyan");

page.selectdate("22");

page.selectyear("1991");

page.selectmonth("Jan");

page.ClickingGender();

page.clicksignup();

}

}

In Pageobject framework just we create pages and call these pages into our Testcases.In these pages we just write all the Webelements and functions. This is only registration page but it Depends on application How many pages your application contains.If your application have 20 ui pages Then you can call all 20 pages in One Testcase.

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What are Listners in Testng

@Listner in Testng 

This is one very good feature in Testng. if you choose to have some default behavior for your test case when it fails, passes etc. For Eg : if you extend TestListenerAdapter class and write your implementation in a custom listner to override onTestFailure or onTestSuccess methods you will be able to do  anything which you want when a test fails or passes, like taking screenshots, writing something to database, sending emails(Report generation) etc. 

Lets say your test fails and you want to rerun the test case automatically one more time when it fails. In that case you will be writing a custom listener to achieve what you need and plug the listener to your test case via @Listener annotation. 

Lets say your test fails and you want to take snapshot of fail  test case automatically In that case you will be writing a custom listener to achieve what you need and plug the listener to your test case via @Listener annotation. 

//Above is the description but now i will explain what exactly they do.
In Testng TestListenerAdapter is a class You can override  any of the methods in which are given in TestListemerAdaptor class.
Suppose your test case is passed and you want to take snapshot at that case just you need to override a method onTestSuccess(ITestResult tr)  and just you need to write your snapshot code here.By this whenever your test case is passed this function will execute and you can see snapshot.

Suppose your test case is failed and you want to generate reports at that case just you need to override a method onTestFailure(ITestResult tr) and just you need to write (How to genrate reports)code here.By this whenever your test case is failed this function will execute and you can see snapshot.

Same activity will be done by all of the functions according to their function name

How to implement TestNG Listener

• Create a simple class named as CustomListner and extends TestListenerAdapter

After extending this class you can override some  methods.Here i am using three methods one pass,skipped and fail.

//Here is the code 

package listner;

import org.testng.ITestResult;

import org.testng.TestListenerAdapter;

public class Customlistner extends TestListenerAdapter{

//Override some methods 

public void onTestFailure(ITestResult tr) 

{

System.out.println("When testcase is failed generate reports ");

}

public void onTestSuccess(ITestResult tr)  {

System.out.println("When testcase is pass Take snapshot");

}

public void onTestSkipped(ITestResult tr) {

System.out.println("Testcase is skipped do some activity");

}

}

//After using some of these methods just you need to Create a simple class named as LoginTest

 Make a new class named as LoginTest in which your testcases are running and  write the @Testng annotations and create two Testcases in this class

package listner;

import org.testng.Assert;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class LoginTest {

@Test

public void loginwithvalidusername(){

System.out.println("Login with valid username");

}

@Test

public void loginwithinvalidusername(){

System.out.println("Login with invalid username");

//Use assertion and delibrately failed this

Assert.assertEquals("Equal", "NotEqual");

}

}

// Run this class run this class with help of xml.

//Copy this xml into your project and named as Testng.xml

//This is the xml file for this

<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">

<suite name="My Sample Suite">

  <listeners>

    <listener class-name="listner.Customlistner" />

  </listeners>

<test name="LoginTest">

    <classes>

        <class name="listner.LoginTest" ></class>  

    </classes>

</test>

</suite>

Now run this class>Go to testng.xml

Whenever Testcase is failed then failedfunction called By listner or Whenever testcase passed this passed function will called. 

  

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